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Proposal for doctoral research: Analysis of Chinese trade and foreign? Brig directed eight African L? Change Wirtschaftsf? Promotion

PhD Research Proposal: Professor Lan yisheng / strong> Shanghai University of Finance and Economics < ; / strong> p analysis of Chinese and foreign trade? ndische direct investment in eight African L? Economic Development in? Channel of China in trade and investment with African home to 300 million euros for the world? GEF more people? poor and the world? rchteten represents a significant opportunity? f? growth and integration of the continent’s r? dlich Sahara, the world economy. User This Wirtschaftsm emerging? They want to “giant” Asia? located in the center of the explosion of African-Asian trade and investment, a striking feature of the new trend in S? DS? D trade relations. Let V? Lker have a secular history of international trade, at least since the days of Seidenstraße? And, where merchants supplied goods across continents, reaching the most? challenging and relatively untouched? Hrte M? Markets of the day. China and investment agreements with tattoos Africa? Chlich dates back several decades, investing most of FR? Hen in infrastructure such as railways, early post-colonial? Ra Africa. to draw China’s rapidly growing economic relations with great attention to Africa e. The report? came into the spotlight w? During the summit Cooperation (FOCAC) in Beijing in November 2006 and the annual meeting of Development Bank (AfDB) in Shanghai, May 2007. W? During the expansion of trade and investment between China and Africa in general d? welcome? T have, doubt, China is growing Pr? K presence? NNTE Development interfered with? Suspicius GE? U? Ert (These concerns range from the burden of debt and the reform of environmental governance, see the message to Les Echos, October 24, 2006 (in Franz? Saxon), Financial Times, November 28, 2006 News Edge, May17, 2007). The current Ausma? and pace of trade between China and Investitionsstr? me with Africa, however, v? Lliga unprecedented. The volume of African exports to Asia accelerated. It ‘grew by 15% between 1990 and 1995,? f 20% w? Over the last? Five years (2000-2005) (Harry G. Broadman Brought Silk Road in Africa, China and India to new eco-frontier). The trade between Africa and China? Started around 2000 to accelerate. Between 2001 and 2006 Africa exports to China will grow at an annual rate of? About 40 per cent and increased by U.S. $ 4. 8 billion U.S. dollars to reach 28th 8000 million in 2006 (Figure 1 and Table 1). At the same time, Africa imports from China have quadrupled U.S. $ 26.? 7 billion. In 2006, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has accounted for the gr?-Run the Africa-China trade, exports from the region to China amounted to U.S. $ 25,000,000,000, about 85 percent of all African exports to China this year. According to statistics of China ran f? A year 2004-06 in Africa, a little job? In excess, about 2 billion U.S. dollars annually (see IMF Working Paper (2007)? “What drives the growing role of China in Africa, “Wang Jian-Ye). The acceleration of S? DS? D-Trade and Investment? a key feature of the J? Recent developments in the global economy. < , / P> Trade between China and Africa? expanding rapidly. With a value of approximately $ 3000000000 in 1995 the trade? grew to a total of Sch? Tzungsweise 40 billion U.S. dollars in 2005. ; Wen Jiabao of China w? During the summit between China and Africa Cooperation Forum that China hoped that amounted to 100 billion U.S. dollars in 2010 gets? Hen specified. Table 1: Imports and exports of China Africa (U.S. $ million) Figure 1: China-Africa Trade Statistics 1995-2005 Source: World Trade Atlas Data, TRALAC Analysis (Center for Chinese Studies, Stellenbosch University (S? Africa)) China AIDS in Africa in 1956. By May 2006 it had contributed a total of 44. 4 billion yuan (U.S. $ 5 billion 7f)? A More Than 800 projects to help a researcher at the Academy Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (He, 2006). The latest official figures Fl? ESS in 2002, when the Chinese government reported tzen (U.S. $ 1 to VerfÃ? Made supply. 8 billion), supported for Africa?. China? been the provision of debt relief f? The African R tapes on his own terms. At the first China-Africa Cooperation Forum in October 2000 in Beijing, the Chinese government has promised to cancel two years ? Fest in Monaco of Bavaria? Lliga commitments to 156 credits that are due to change in Africa? S, which reached to 10. 5 billion yuan (U.S. $ 1 3 billion). The promise? FR was? Forth as expected (ERF? He llte, 2007). Chinese fluently? T in Africa in the form of aliens? Brig foreign direct investment (FDI) growth. W? Were limited, whereas in the past, many of these investments in commodities, the current wave of companies? is based on many L? Change and sectors than ever. These foreigners? Brig investment also has many effects model and the development of bilateral trade and integration. Many African exports are channeled through multinationals, to help the African L? Nder both among themselves and integrate with the global economy. Table 2: Chinese capital flowing? T in Africa Figure 2: China to foreigners? brig direct investment to Africa Source Jonathan Holslag direct investment in China in sub-Saharan Africa, “Brussels Institute of Contemporary China Studies. So far, the nature of Str? I was rather something akin to those between Africa and its traditional trading partner, noted the OECD study (2005-2006) (OECD study, The Rise of China and India: What does f? R Africa?) . In this context, there are big there? interest from policy Entscheidungstr? Citizens and businesses Africa and Asia, as well? with international development partners to better understand? Ndnis evolutionary and developmental psychology, business and political consequences of African-Asian trade and investment relations. This interest is reflected particularly well in S? DS? D-conversation? That w? While the Afro-Asian summit to user of April 2005? The ugly f? Fifty anniversary of the explanation? tion of Bandung, where the dramatic increase in international trade between the two regions, a major role, so? like ‘, in July 2005 (G-8 summit in Gleneagles G8 meeting at Gleneagles Hotel, Perthshire, Scotland 6 to 8 July 2005), where F? Guide to the North stressed the growing importance of S? DS? d-commerce and investment, much more? that the prospects of f? r F? promoting growth and combating Armutsbek concern in Africa. The importance of S? DS? D-commerce? long been recognized, but has no detailed investigation in particular for Africa-China trade relations up to today? Were door. The main objective of this study? to provide a knowledge base? Ndnis f? A potential of Africa-China trade and investments to build relationships. A search of literature? Chst run? Leads to R? Ckverfolgung development of theories of economic growth from Adam Smith to today? About the impact of economic and technological issues resulting from international trade, both physically Anh? ufung factors and quality? t production. PI? historical data? Pi? a change in the African sample L?, multiple regressions are performed? Leads to the relationship between specific factors and determine economic real per capita (GDP) during the tw? If years. The results will be considered R? Ckschl? Iff on the relationship between the factors in its impact on long-term economic growth. Several other studies? Be performed to determine the permeability of reliability?, performance and more? sophisticated information? To test the theory of endogenous growth model. be The data? according to the International Standard Industry Classification? (ISIC)? collection. II-Statement of the problem and II-1. ? Introduction China? a new player in Africa. But his economic policy and Pr? Presence on the continent and its impact on Africa have grown strongly exponentially in recent years. There? has enormous consequences f? R Africa, but also has important consequences f? A Western policy against? Across the continent. reflect In, as Africans and the community? international community must assume the new challenges of China’s role on the continent, a critical point of departure address? a better understanding? ndnis the differential impact of China? about Africa. Like other parts of the world, Africa? indirectly through the ph? Growth Nomenale hit the Chinese economy. It ‘clear that Africa does not? the loss of dynamism and determination to tackle their development problems and to achieve renewed vision of a prosperous region with local color. In this regard, the establishment of China-Africa Forum? was a critical moment, offers uneingeschr? Support spaces of f? R the AU (African Union) and its instruments, including NEPAD, what? currently integrated sub-regional and national development strategies. equivalent of something different: The big question? and how the ‘ANSTO? f? r The poor tapes Africa to break the vicious circle of poverty? in their trade relations with China. So what? cos? important? About economic growth? F economic growth? leads to greater prosperity? economic. The Erh? Hung in prosperity? generally improve the lives of people took part k? Can the system. People? in a better position, f? Bed to ensure their r? Rfnisse and erf? Fill in their bed? Rfnisse without the use of force. This growing prosperity? Total empirically h? Levels Heren human equation? CK and related improvements. J? More developments? growth theory have long included various sources of long-term growth, each esternalit? T with some T? Related activities?. Examples of these? A formation of human capital or education or learning by doing and technological progress through R & D? Ten. Zus? Entscheidungstr many more political? And scholars argue that foreign? Ndische foreign direct investment (FDI) k? Pu? produce substantial benefits development efforts of a host country have, but the empirical evidence f? A foreign? Ndische generate direct positive effects of f? r Aufnahmel tapes? ambiguous on both micro and macro level. In a recent study of literature, Hanson (2001) argues that the evidence of DAF? R f positive impact that FDI? R Aufnahmel tapes? Generated? weak. But Balasubramanayam et al. (1996) found that in the developing world? Change followed by au? En-looking trade policy, the growth of FDI? been more? faster than? Entwicklungsl Change, pursuing trade policy back on itself (Laura Alfaro related to fly? T. “FDI and Growth: the question of the sector?”). A question immediately arises regarding our study and those of m? We would like to answer?: What? play the role of trade relations between China and Africa in Africa L? Changes in economic growth? II-2. The objectives and F in need? A base-line studies of the impact of the truth? Ndernden future of China in Africa to assess and, if an accurate reflection of the commercial global impact of China? Africa. The main objective of this research? China’s role in the process of economic growth of African L? Nder understand change through trade relations with these L?. To achieve this, are the main objectives: See the position of Africa in international trade. Current statistics (data) on the net Chinese exports to Africa. Measurement and analysis of the volume and composition of trade between China and Africa. Measurement of the impact of trade relations between Africa L? Change on the trade balance. To investigate the contribution of Chinese FDI in Africa in L? Economics Change. To determine whether foreigners? Ndische direct investment and ICT effects different tapes from African L? Bt economic growth. II-3. Expected to find Since also lead to imports and foreign direct investment? Variety? additional competition and the consumer market M? Benefits, and exports to the enlarged? Ren M f Markets? r National? ndische production, the profit of enterprises. Makes domestic trade? Sized companies for the best practices of foreign policy? Brig Societ? and the needs of a demanding clientele, F? Promoting a gr? Eren efficiency. T-Commerce provides businesses greater access to capital factors? Length, such as machine tools, increased productivity? And create new M? Possibility? f? A change in growth development?. We expect a gr? Prior to that observed spillover effects of China’s trade with Africa Africa economic growth. We also expect that Chinese direct investment flowing into Africa? T tendency to have a positive effect on tapes L are African economic growth. III-literature and themes: China in Africa for the first time included w? During the cold war, when he found friends and made Gesch? FTE in some parts of the world bersehen the West and the Soviet Union?. The investment pays off now? Imports of oil and raw materials and M? Markets f? R Ind. goods? Ter. Since 1960, China is not? in line with the f? The African R tape in agriculture, heavy industry and infrastructure development. In recent years, trade between China and Africa has grown particularly strong. When Paul Mooney reports that many African F? Driving towards China as Verl? Ugly friend who? Western imperialist aggression suffered similar M? Want, welcome investment and development in Beijing. Moreover, the Chinese have used their economic power to political pressure for Africa. Skepticism, but does not exist. Some African scholars believe that China? simply transfer Europ? European colonial torch for the purchase of raw materials on the continent and selling value-added products on baggage, so a UNG f? Economic exchanges? R Africa. User But “The Chinese are very anf? Lliger f? A Gesch? FTE in a way that today Europe? That he and the Americans do not accept the payment of bribes and bonuses under the table do. researchers think that will be? much more? easy f? r some tapes African L with Chinese companies, like American and European companies more and more CE? reduced? NKT with the Publish What You Pay Initiative and others call for more transparency “(www. are always working Catholicrelief. org). While acknowledging these drawbacks are other Africans the opportunity? to diversify the continent receives external partnerships? T. ? sch and also keep your lack of clear policy or economic policy conditions on China’s role, in contrast with the approach of some clumsy sometimes Westmere? Chte. As explained in the landscape Macharia Gaitho, editor of the Kenyan daily Nation, commented, “Finch? China? Willing to invest in Africa? S rfen We do not miss the Bounty,” but we m? Necessity? engage with our eyes open. “Weil: The charity? and international aid not l? breast problems in Africa, but economic reform and growth can? K?. (Allafrica Com.) < China’s burgeoning relationship with Africa? alarming, but why not? energy in China and weapons Gesch? Ften relief, but why? compete with the US-African trade. The China-Africa Cooperation Forum (CACF)? was founded in 2000 gegr? To v? Amplifier f? A country trade and investment between China and Africa also in government and private sector rdern f?. In recent years, Beijing has identified the African continent as an area of considerable economic and strategic interests. America and its verb find? allies and friends that their vision of a prosperous Africa governed by democracies that respect human rights and the rule of law and embrace of free M? Markets? challenged by the growing Chinese influence in Africa. The King Liebesaff? with China, but perhaps such harsh?. F? RL tapes that are not are not part? L or mineral deposits, which h? Higher prices of raw materials life more? difficult. Even f? R are the producers, is likely. A k? Recently ver? Software released World Bank report argues that the new African Trade with the way China and India? F opened? A them to a processor of commodities and a konkurrenzf? Higher Supplier of cheap goods and services for Chinese and Indian consumers are now. But a new report by the OECD (2005-2006 ), a strip club Industriel, arguing that China’s hunger for raw materials, the manufacturer of Bem? efforts to choke to diversify their economies. to oil platforms and mines create few jobs an account? courts, stressing and tends, on average, in other areas suck. And if Africa? Beg? Escaped suscettibilit? against the capricious movements of commodity prices on the world market, it will have? start producing more of? exports. On that the World Bank has created its own warning: China and India need me? They Z? LLE important growing activities? export? Stop ab Africa. China? also the irresistible “Some say unfair competition in Africa.? Chinese everywhere in Africa H? K Dealer? Now? can see the products on sale cheap at home, not just electronics, but plastic products and clothing. The Chinese government f has an active brand of economic development and reform model? A L Africa GEF tapes? Promotes F? Promotion of colleagues in government in various L? Change in China to visit and learn from their experiences. Bem China? Relations for F? Promotion of African governments to f their economic systems, what? an important indicator in its own way? A soft power that China hopes ultimately project in Africa. China Can be also seen in its heavy investment in education in Africa, where both teachers to Africa and providing scholarships f? A African students from across the continent of China, in the University? of. Among the study early exchange in education in half? the years 1950 and 2000, 5,582 African students had enrolled in University of China? Ten. These students typically spend two years learning Chinese, then F technical study? Fa, particularly disciplines of engineering. Currently, about H? Lfte of African students are advanced undergraduate courses. This low f? Tzung? Education R improves China’s image in many countries also are building the largest support base in the community ? premises and a better understanding? Ndnis f? A China under the educated elite. IV-Methodology and assumptions Trade Leistungsf ? Capacit? The individual tapes? present good indicator of economic Leistungsf? be the ability, because? The tapes with good results to h? Heren GDP growth rates tend records. Entwicklungsl Most of the tapes, the Organization World Trade Organisation (WTO) and have taken steps to bring their economies open to? should. But the net effect? And ‘the opening of trade to growth remains controversial. ; Two issues are central to the debate: theoretical concepts and empirical investigation. From the theoretical point of view, since the time of Adam Smith and Ricardo da Solow, trade? been shown for a country to reach h ? Heres income, as it represents a better allocation of resources erm? Created the possibility?. Imports also bring? variety is complementary to the competition and domestic M? market to benefit consumers, and exports to the enlarged? Ren M? Markets f? R home? Ndische production, profit enterprises. f But the benefits of international trade? A growth and development are difficult to underestimate. In the growth models endogenous pu? trade on growth by affecting access to innovative changes in the products of other L?. Since? most LDCs do little, if any innovation change mainly through trade with developed L? Benefiting h? Heren levels technological development. Even abroad? Ndische direct investment as an important stimulus f? Change economic growth Entwicklungsl?. We expect imports from China will be used to change a sample of African L? For a period of 12 years (1995-2007). To predict how imports are a large number of Ma? took advantage of trade, foreign direct investment in China, GDP and GDP per capita of ‘importer and exporter. With computer programs like SPSS, EViews, Matlab and SAS? study on quantitative analysis, using secondary? studies are rer. The sample will exist? in some African L Change?. This example? particularly w? Hlten? About VerfÃ? Availability? data f? R each variable by m? f the project have? A strip L “ / p> For the role of China? first in Africa, economic analysis, analysis of growth? But numerical chst apply? measures to assess the evolution of the efficiency index, the total trade of tapes L and the general index, after the empirical studies on intra-industry trade to take (IIT), H? him? of IIT in an industry generally quantify its extent? beautiful and the index of Lloyd (1975). We follow the same in this study. The index of IIT in an industry? generally defined as follows: / p> In the equation, refers to a unit value of exports, w? Refers to a unit value, while imports of time t. IV-1. time series data analysis So there? preliminary stages, the use of time series data in? econometric analysis. In many cases F?, In particular with macro? Econometrics,? Vern? Nftig to close? En, based on theoretical considerations? And one? Land Ck data against time that a variable or w? chst. These k NNTE growth? From a deterministic time trend, occur or can? see why? j in the Ver? Changing the variable? equals a constant. Beg accessible? E ‘f in the form of important data? R an SP? Tere Sch? Determine Tzung use function keys, in many cases? The cases with the help of macro? Econometrics in their respective planes f? leads to serious problems? econometric. contains time series data? Lt usually a trend, before m? must be removed for companies of all Sch? Tzung. The traditional detrending procedure separates the evolution of cyclical component of the series. This method? f? Station R? Re Trend (TS) time series. However, many macro? Econometric time-series station? A Difference (SD). Series type DS nichtstation? King and contain the roots dell’unit?. Sequences DS should give? Be differentiated from all significant? Econometric Tzung Sch. If the least squares (OLS) Sch? Tzverfahren be applied to the undifferentiated type DS-sequences, such as error terms are serially correlated. This makes each sp? Hypothesis Testing Tere unreliable? SSIG. IV-2. ? Econometric techniques: Fen pr?, Assumptions are appropriate? Econometric models needed. Since the objective of this research? the Granger causality? T test pi? variables, the test should be appropriate multivariate time series models (VAR and keep st k? NNTE? Vector Auto Regression, or VECM? vector error correction model?). printing? Fungsverfahren in this document is made? Leads? that, first, unit root tests on the level and the difference will be? carried out the door? To determine if each station variable? R-station or not? Re. Secondly, the residual based Engle-Granger test pr? Ft the presence of cointegration between the variables f for each country. Third, if a relationship does not exist cointegration, the VAR analysis is used in first difference, but if the variables are cointegrated, continue the analysis within a framework of cointegration. Schlie? The causality? Granger Lich? T test based on weight? Hlten analytical framework made? Leads. Figure 3 shows the heuristic methodology. So, the general methodology as follows: – check whether the system? stable, with the unit? root causality?

– when unit root tests on the number of variables, cointegration tests are – if cointegration? found, then the VECM representation of the system and apply? t test on this account will be – if there ‘? cointegration, easy to differentiate the variables of site (vector autoregressive representation for differences), representation and use of tests of causality? t – if the system? stable, the use of simple, Orig? VAR representation available f? r causality? t test. Some methodological problems m? Still need to gel? St be. This respect, how we collect and provide data that should be the order autoregressive system, which variables should include the stochastic model. IV-3. Aggregate production theory m? Growth was like looking at F? Promotion of the two foreign roles? Brig direct investment and trade, our analysis of the data? in an aggregate production function (APF) model framework. The standard model? been detailed in APF? Studies used econometric necessity? to assess the impact of FDI Zufl? And to provide protection to trade on growth in many developing? Change sch?. The APF assume that used with conventional inputs? Length “of labor and capital in the neoclassical production function, inputs unconventional? Length “as FDI and trade can? Be included in the model k? To capture its contribution to economic growth. APF model? Been used by spring (1983), Fosu (1990); Ukpolo (1994); Kohpaiboon (2004), Mansouri (2005), and Herzer et al (2006) among others. According to Herzer et al (2006), the global model Gesch APF? E ’supported batch can be obtained as < ; / p> a , if known, output of the economy (real GDP per capita) at time t, and the total Faktorproduktivit? t (TFP), capital stock and shares ften Arbeitskr?, respectively. According to Lipsey (2001), the impact of FDI on economic growth m? Glicherweise works of TFP (A). Dar? Ber? the hypothesis of Bhagwati (Bhagwati, 1985), possible gains by foreigners? Brig direct investment on TFP employees certainly expect the volume of trade in a given country. Because? we examine the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade variables on economic growth through? Changes in TFP, therefore assume that TFP a function of FDI, M, X and other exogenous factors. Org.
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